--- title: "Action Over Reaction: More Info On JHA and How to Eliminate Hazards" description: STS covers job hazard analysis hazard control measures, common hazard descriptions and a sample JHA template in this safety blog article image: https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/hs-fs/file-335987536-jpg/images/awp3-generaltraining.jpg --- - [STS Homepage](https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/) - [Contact STS](https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/contact-sts/contact-us) - [STS Safety Blog](https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/sts-blog) [![Safety Training Services Inc. 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Not all hazard control measures are equal; some are more effective than others. Here is the order of effectiveness of hazard controls:   **1.)** **Engineering Controls** - Elimination/minimization of the hazard - Enclosure of the hazard - Isolation of the hazard - Removal or redirection of the hazard **2.)** **Administrative Controls** - ![JHA, job hazard analysis, job hazard analysis training, job hazard analysis examples](https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/hs-fs/file-335987536-jpg/images/awp3-generaltraining.jpg?width=300&height=206&name=awp3-generaltraining.jpg)Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe work practices - Exposure time limitations - Monitoring use of the more hazardous materials - Alarms, signs, warnings - Buddy system - Training!   **3.)** **Personal Protective Equipment![proper ppe, personal protective equipment, jha, job hazard analysis example](https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/hs-fs/file-18397071-jpg/images/hazmat03-resized-600.jpg)** - Respirators, hearing protection, protective clothing, safety glasses, and hardhats - The LAST line of defense in hazard control measures (not the first or only) - PPE is acceptable as a control measure: There may be times where you must choose to use a hazard control measure over another higher in effectiveness. An example of this may be if you needed interim protection while the hazard is abated permanently. Also, some hazards cannot be eliminated entirely, and therefore the hazard control measures may be a combination or all three types of controls.   # Common Hazards and Descriptions   | ## Chemical (Toxic)  | ### A chemical that exposes a person by absorption through the skin, inhalation, or through the blood stream that causes illness, disease, or  death. The amount of chemical exposure is critical in determining  hazardous effects. Check Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and/or OSHA  1910.1000 for chemical hazard information.  | | --- | --- | | ## Chemical (Flammable)  | ### A chemical that, when exposed to a heat ignition source, results incombustion. Typically, the lower a chemical's flash point and boiling point, the more flammable the chemical. Check SDS for flammability information. | | ## Chemical (Corrosive)  | ### A chemical that, when it comes into contact with skin, metal, or other materials, damages the materials. Acids and bases are examples of  corrosives. | | ## Explosion (Chemical Reaction)  | ### Self Explanatory. | | ## Explosion (Over Pressurization) | ### Sudden and violent release of a large amount of gas/energy due to a significant pressure difference such as rupture in a boiler or compressed gas cylinder. | | ## Electrical (Shock/Short Circuit)  | ### Contact with exposed conductors or a device that is incorrectly or inadvertently grounded, such as when a metal ladder comes into contact with power lines. 60Hz alternating current (common house current) is very dangerous because it can stop the heart. | | ## Electrical (Fire)  | ### Use of electrical power that results in electrical overheating or arcing to the point of combustion or ignition of flammables, or electrical  component damage. | | ## Electrical (Static/ESD)  | ### The moving or rubbing of wool, nylon, other synthetic fibers, and even flowing liquids can generate static electricity. This creates an excess  or deficiency of electrons on the surface of material that discharges  (spark) to the ground resulting in the ignition of flammables or damage  to electronics or the body's nervous system. | | ## Electrical (Loss of Power)  | ### Safety-critical equipment failure as a result of loss of power. | | ## Ergonomics (Strain)  | ### Damage of tissue due to overexertion (strains and sprains) or repetitive motion. | | ## Ergonomics (Human Error) | ### A system design, procedure, or equipment that is error-provocative. (A switch goes up to turn something off). | | ## Excavation (Collapse)  | ### Soil collapse in a trench or excavation as a result of improper orinadequate shoring. Soil type is critical in determining the hazard likelihood. | | ## Fall (Slip, Trip) | ### Conditions that result in falls (impacts) from height or traditional walking surfaces (such as slippery floors, poor housekeeping, uneven  walking surfaces, exposed ledges, etc.) | | ## Fire/Heat | ### Temperatures that can cause burns to the skin or damage to other organs. Fires require a heat source, fuel, and oxygen. | | ## Mechanical/Vibration (Chaffing/Fatigue)  | ### Vibration that can cause damage to nerve endings, or material fatigue that results in a safety-critical failure. (Examples are abraded slings  and ropes, weakened hoses and belts.) | | ## Mechanical Failure | ### Self explanatory; typically occurs when devices exceed capacity or are inadequately maintained. | | ## Mechanical | ### Skin, muscle, or body part exposed to crushing, caught-between, cutting, tearing, shearing items or equipment. | | ## Noise | ### Noise levels (>85 dBA 8 hr TWA) that result in hearing damage or inability to communicate safety-critical information. | | ## Radiation (Ionizing)  | ### Alpha, Beta, Gamma, neutral particles, and X-rays that cause injury (tissue damage) by ionization of cellular components. | | ## Radiation (Non-Ionizing)  | ### Ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, and microwaves that cause injury to tissue by thermal or protochemical means.  | | ## Struck By (Mass Acceleration)  | ### Accelerated mass that strikes the body causing injury or death. (Examples are falling objects and projectiles.)  | | ## Struck Against | ### Injury to a body part as a result of coming into contact of a surface in which action was initiated by the person. (An example is when a screwdriver slips.)  | | ## Temperature Extreme (Heat/Cold)  | ### Temperatures that result in heat stress, exhaustion, or metabolic slow down such as hypothermia.  | | ## Visibility | ### Lack of lighting or obstructed vision that results in an error or other hazard.  | | ## Weather Phenomena (Snow/Rain/Wind/Ice)  | ### Self explanatory. | ## 'Sample' Job Hazard Analysis ![OSHA, job hazard analysis, sample jha](https://www.safetytrainingservices.net/hs-fs/file-426007472-jpg/images/sample_jha.jpg)                                                ### Remember to ['Like'](https://www.facebook.com/safetytrainingservices) Safety Training Services, Inc. on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/safetytrainingservices)and stay up-to-date with relevant safety & training information! 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